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  1. PSL Home. El Nino and La Nina Years. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Introduction. Our Research. Current Conditions. Forecasts. Past Events. Explore. Data. ENSO-101. Resources. Top 24 Strongest El Niño and La Niña Event Years by Season. The values below were calculated using PSL's Extended Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI.ext) for 1895 to 2015.

  2. Dec 14, 2023 · El Niño—the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ("ENSO") climate pattern—continues in the tropical Pacific, but the atmospheric part of the pattern is weakening. Conditions are likely to shift to ENSO-neutral by April-June 2024, and the odds of La Niña developing in June-August 2024 have risen to 55%.

  3. Dec 12, 2005 · SST Niño Regions - Graphical depiction of the regions (i.e. "NINO Boxes") most commonly used in the diagnosis and forecast of El Nino. Other El Niño Links - Links to the most informative El Niño/La Niña links on the web.

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  5. Southern Oscillation Index timeseries from 1876 to 2023. The Southern Oscillation is the atmospheric component of El Niño. This component is an oscillation in surface air pressure between the tropical eastern and the western Pacific Ocean waters.

  6. Oct 7, 2021 · 20 Citations. 13 Altmetric. Metrics. Abstract. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shows a large diversity of events that is modulated by climate variability and change. The representation...

    • Bastien Dieppois, Bastien Dieppois, Antonietta Capotondi, Antonietta Capotondi, Benjamin Pohl, Kwok ...
    • 2021
  7. Apr 10, 2020 · The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences South America (SA) by modifying a unique set of meteorological processes linked to coastal-warming-induced convection, the Walker circulation ...

  8. May 5, 2014 · Though ENSO is a single climate phenomenon, it has three states, or phases, it can be in. The two opposite phases, “El Niño” and “La Niña,” require certain changes in both the ocean and the atmosphere because ENSO is a coupled climate phenomenon. “Neutral” is in the middle of the continuum.

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